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TCR THERAPY PIPELINE INSIGHT 2024

SCOPE OF THE REPORT

TCR Therapy Pipeline Therapeutic Assessment: Active Products (Evaluation by Route of Administration, Evaluation by Stage and Route of Administration, Evaluation by Molecule Type, Evaluation by Stage and Molecule Type, Evaluation by Product Type, Evaluation by Stage and Product Type)

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MARKET OVERVIEW

TCR therapy, or T-cell receptor therapy, is an innovative form of immunotherapy that leverages the body’s own immune system to combat cancer. This approach involves extracting a patient’s T-cells and genetically engineering them to express receptors specifically designed to recognize and bind to cancer-associated antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on tumor cells. 

Unlike CAR-T therapy, which targets antigens on the cell surface, TCR therapy can target intracellular proteins, allowing for a broader range of cancer targets. Once engineered, these T-cells are expanded in the laboratory and reinfused into the patient, where they seek out and destroy cancer cells. TCR therapy holds significant promise for treating various cancers, including solid tumors, and is currently the focus of extensive research to optimize its efficacy and safety.

TCR Therapy

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GROWTH ENABLERS

Key enablers of the global TCR therapy market growth:

  • Growing number of promising clinical and preclinical studies
  • Rising cancer incidence rates
    • According to the American Cancer Society, the United States is projected to see 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths in 2023. The rising incidence of cancer underscores the urgent need for more effective treatments, propelling TCR (T-cell receptor) therapy into the forefront. As cancer rates surge globally, the demand for innovative therapies like TCR, which harnesses the immune system to target cancer cells, is increasing.
    • With more patients being diagnosed with various forms of cancer, the market for TCR therapy naturally expands to address these diverse indications. This trend showcases the versatility of TCR therapy and its potential to meet the evolving needs of cancer patients, positioning it as a significant player in the field of oncology.
    • As more patients require advanced therapeutic options, TCR therapy’s ability to specifically target cancer cells positions it as a promising solution. Its adaptability across different cancer types enhances its appeal, making TCR therapy a crucial component in the ongoing battle against cancer and a key factor in the future landscape of oncology treatments.
  • Surge in innovation and research activities

GROWTH RESTRAINTS

Key growth restraining factors of the global TCR therapy market:

  • Toxicity from cytokine storms in TCR therapy
  • Off-target effects and safety concerns in TCR gene transfer
  • Challenges in selecting the optimal target antigen
    • T-cell receptors (TCRs) can only recognize peptide-HLA complexes and are effective against cancer cells that have matching HLA alleles, necessitating appropriate HLA matching. This means that TCR-T-cells derived from non-Chinese individuals cannot be directly applied to Chinese patients. The screening process for identifying TCRs with the optimal affinity threshold is challenging, as high-affinity TCRs are needed to enhance immune responses.
    • Identifying TCRs with high affinity for antigens is crucial for effective immune responses, but the affinity must be carefully regulated. If TCR affinity exceeds physiological limits, it can result in injury to the T-cells.
    • The mechanism of antigen recognition by TCR-expressing T-cells is vital for T-cell immunity. T-cells must quantitatively respond to antigens presented by pathogens while remaining unresponsive to similar antigens on host tissues.

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TCR Therapy | Overview

  • Introduction
  • Structural characteristics of the TCR
  • TCR diversity in the pre-selection repertoire
    • The pre-selection repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCRs) is shaped by both genetic and epigenetic factors. According to the accessibility hypothesis, gene segments must be accessible to recombination machinery, involving processes such as subnuclear relocation, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and germline transcription.
    • Although the activation of the 3′ proximal region of antigen receptor loci is well understood, the mechanisms controlling the accessibility and activation of the 5′ V region remain unclear. Research has shown that V genes in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus recombine at different frequencies even when they have equal accessibility, implying that similar biases might also be present in TCR loci.
    • Recent analyses reveal that the frequency of out-of-frame TCR-α sequences is affected by the usage of V and J segments, indicating a genetic influence. Additionally, recombination bias causes a notable overlap in the TCR-β chain repertoire among syngeneic mice before thymic selection, highlighting a predisposition in the TCR repertoire composition that is significantly shaped by V(D)J recombination.
  • TCR diversity in the naive pool
  • TCR diversity in health and disease
  • TCR clonotypes as markers of disease
  • The TCR complex
    • The TCR receptor complex is an octameric structure with three dimeric signaling modules: CD247 ζ/ζ, CD3δ/ε, and CD3γ/ε, and variable α and β chains. Ionizable residues in the transmembrane domains stabilize the complex, while signaling molecules are essential due to the TCR’s short cytoplasmic tail.
    • TCRs exhibit low affinity for peptide/MHC ligands (dissociation constants of 1-100 μM); but T-cells maintain high antigen specificity and sensitivity through the formation of TCR microclusters, enhancing antigen recognition via an avidity-based mechanism.
    • Antigen-experienced T-cells (effector and memory) show increased sensitivity and require fewer costimulatory signals and lower antigen concentrations compared to naive T-cells, achieved through functional avidity maturation without changes in affinity.
  • TCR co-receptors
  • Associated molecules of the TCR complex involved in T-cell activation
  • T-cell receptor-engineered T-cells for cancer treatment: Current status and future directions
  • Identification of TCR sequences
  • Improving the function of TCR-engineered T-cells in tumor microenvironment

MAJOR PLAYERS

Major players in the global TCR therapy market:

  • Adaptimmune
  • Gilead Sciences
  • Alaunos Therapeutics
  • Triumvira Immunologics
  • Takara Bio

Gilead Sciences, a biopharmaceutical company established in 1987 in Foster City, California, specializes in researching, developing, and marketing medicines for life-threatening diseases. With over 7,000 employees spread across offices on six continents, Gilead focuses on therapeutic areas such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, influenza, COVID-19, liver diseases, hematology, and oncology. Some of their notable products include Biktarvy, Complera, Descovy, Emtriva, Genvoya, Odefsey, Stribild, and Sunlenca.

KITE-439, developed by Gilead Sciences, is a T lymphocyte replacement therapy. Preclinical studies have shown efficacy with MHC class I-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T-cells targeting the E7 protein on HPV16-positive tumor cells. The drug is currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of both solid and hematological malignancies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT
  2. TCR THERAPY: SUMMARY
  3. OVERVIEW
    1. INTRODUCTION
    2. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TCR
    3. TCR DIVERSITY IN THE PRE-SELECTION REPERTOIRE
    4. TCR DIVERSITY IN THE NAIVE POOL
    5. TCR DIVERSITY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
    6. TCR CLONOTYPES AS MARKERS OF DISEASE
    7. THE TCR COMPLEX
    8. TCR CO-RECEPTORS
    9. ASSOCIATED MOLECULES OF THE TCR COMPLEX INVOLVED IN T-CELL ACTIVATION
    10. T-CELL RECEPTOR-ENGINEERED T-CELLS FOR CANCER TREATMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
    11. IDENTIFICATION OF TCR SEQUENCES
    12. IMPROVING THE FUNCTION OF TCR-ENGINEERED T-CELLS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT
  4. MARKET DYNAMICS
    1. KEY DRIVERS
      1. GROWING NUMBER OF PROMISING CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL STUDIES
      2. RISING CANCER INCIDENCE RATES
      3. SURGE IN INNOVATION AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
    2. KEY RESTRAINTS
      1. TOXICITY FROM CYTOKINE STORMS IN TCR THERAPY
      2. OFF-TARGET EFFECTS AND SAFETY CONCERNS IN TCR GENE TRANSFER
      3. CHALLENGES IN SELECTING THE OPTIMAL TARGET ANTIGEN
  5. PIPELINE THERAPEUTICS
    1. CURRENT PIPELINE OVERVIEW
    2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: PRODUCTS IN VARIOUS PHASES
  6. THERAPEUTIC ASSESSMENT: ACTIVE PRODUCTS
    1. EVALUATION BY ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
    2. EVALUATION BY STAGE AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
    3. EVALUATION BY MOLECULE TYPE
    4. EVALUATION BY STAGE AND MOLECULE TYPE
    5. EVALUATION BY PRODUCT TYPE
    6. EVALUATION BY STAGE AND PRODUCT TYPE
    7. EVALUATION BY THERAPY AREA
    8. EVALUATION BY STAGE AND THERAPY AREA
  7. LATE-STAGE PRODUCTS (PRE-REGISTRATION)
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    2. ADP-A2M4: ADAPTIMMUNE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
  8. LATE-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE III)
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    2. IMC F106C: IMMUNOCORE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
  9. MID-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE II/III)
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    2. IMC-GP100: IMMUNOCORE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
  10. MID-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE II)
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    2. TAEST 16001: GUANGDONG XIANGXUE PRECISION MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    3. GSK 3377794: GLAXOSMITHKLINE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    4. ALT-801: ALTIMMUNE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    5. KITE-439: GILEAD SCIENCES
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    6. KITE-718: GILEAD SCIENCES
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
  11. EARLY-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE I/II)
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    2. TC-510: ADAPTIMMUNE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    3. TCR-T LIBRARY: ALAUNOS THERAPEUTICS INC
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    4. SCG101: SCG CELL THERAPY
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    5. TK-8001: T-KNIFE GMBH
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    6. ECT 204: JW THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    7. JWATM 203: JW THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    8. IMC I109V: IMMUNOCORE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    9. IMCM113V: IMMUNOCORE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    10. MDG 1011: MEDIGENE AG
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    11. TC-210: ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    12. TC-110: ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
  12. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    1. TBI 1301: TAKARA BIO
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    2. IMA402: IMMATICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    3. TAC01 HER2: TRIUMVIRA
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    4. TAC01 CLDN18.2: TRIUMVIRA
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    5. HBV ANTIGEN SPECIFIC TCR REDIRECTED T-CELL: LION TCR
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    6. TC-E202: TCRCURE BIOTECH
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
  13. EARLY-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE I)
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    2. TSC-100: TSCAN THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    3. TSC-200: TSCAN THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    4. IMA201: IMMATICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    5. IMA203: IMMATICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    6. ADP-A2M10: ADAPTIMMUNE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY
    7. ADP-A2AFP: ADAPTIMMUNE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY
    8. CMV TCR-T: CHINA IMMUNOTECH
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    9. IMA401: IMMATICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
      4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    10. BNT221: BIONTECH
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    11. NT 125: NEOGENE THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    12. NT-175: NEOGENE THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
    13. LYL-845: LYELL IMMUNOPHARMA
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    14. BRL03: BIOSYNGEN
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
    15. TSC 101: TSCAN THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    16. AB-1015: ARSENALBIO
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. SAFETY AND EFFICACY
    17. TSC 204: TSCAN THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    18. TSC 203: TSCAN THERAPEUTICS
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY
    19. 800 TCR: T-CURE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      3. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY
    20. 820 TCR: T-CURE
      1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
      2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
  14. IND-STAGE PRODUCTS
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
  15. PRECLINICAL-STAGE PRODUCTS
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
  16. DISCOVERY-STAGE PRODUCTS
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
  17. INACTIVE PRODUCTS
    1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
  18. STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS 
    1. MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
    2. PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
  19. UNMET NEEDS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: TOTAL ACTIVE PRODUCTS IN THE TCR THERAPY PIPELINE

TABLE 2: PRODUCTS IN VARIOUS PHASES

TABLE 3: EVALUATION BY ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

TABLE 4: EVALUATION BY MOLECULE TYPE

TABLE 5: EVALUATION BY PRODUCT TYPE

TABLE 6: EVALUATION BY THERAPY AREA

TABLE 7: LATE-STAGE PRODUCTS (PRE-REGISTRATION)

TABLE 8: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: ADP-A2M4

TABLE 9: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: ADP-A2M4

TABLE 10: LATE-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE III)

TABLE 11: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMC-F106C

TABLE 12: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMC-F106C

TABLE 13: MID-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE II/III)

TABLE 14: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMCGP100

TABLE 15: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMCGP100

TABLE 16: MID-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE II)

TABLE 17: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION

TABLE 18: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TAEST 16001

TABLE 19: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: GSK 3377794

TABLE 20: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: GSK 3377794

TABLE 21: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: ALT-801

TABLE 22: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: ALT-801

TABLE 23: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: KITE-439

TABLE 24: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: KITE-439

TABLE 25: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: KITE-718

TABLE 26: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: KITE-718

TABLE 27: EARLY-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE I/II)

TABLE 28: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TC-510

TABLE 29: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TC-510

TABLE 30: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TCR-T LIBRARY

TABLE 31: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TCR-T LIBRARY

TABLE 32: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: SCG101

TABLE 33: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: SCG101

TABLE 34: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TK-8001

TABLE 35: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TK-8001

TABLE 36: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: ECT204

TABLE 37: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: ECT204

TABLE 38: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: JWATM 203

TABLE 39: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMC-I109V

TABLE 40: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMC-I109V

TABLE 41: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMC M113V

TABLE 42: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: MDG 1011

TABLE 43: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TC-210

TABLE 44: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TC-210

TABLE 45: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TC-110

TABLE 46: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TC-110

TABLE 47: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TBI 1301

TABLE 48: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TBI 1301

TABLE 49: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMA402

TABLE 50: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMA402

TABLE 51: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TAC01 HER2

TABLE 52: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TAC01 HER2

TABLE 53: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TAC01 CLDN18.2

TABLE 54: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TAC01 CLDN18.2

TABLE 55: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: HBV ANTIGEN SPECIFIC TCR REDIRECTED T-CELL

TABLE 56: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: HBV ANTIGEN SPECIFIC TCR REDIRECTED T-CELL

TABLE 57: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TC-E202

TABLE 58: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TC-E202

TABLE 59: EARLY-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE I)

TABLE 60: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TSC-100

TABLE 61: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TSC-100

TABLE 62: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TSC-200

TABLE 63: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TSC-200

TABLE 64: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMA201

TABLE 65: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMA201

TABLE 66: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMA203

TABLE 67: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMA203

TABLE 68: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: ADP-A2M10

TABLE 69: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: ADP-A2M10

TABLE 70: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: ADP-A2AFP

TABLE 71: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: ADP-A2AFP

TABLE 72: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: CMV-TCR-T

TABLE 73: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: CMV-TCR-T

TABLE 74: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: IMA401

TABLE 75: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: IMA401

TABLE 76: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: BNT221

TABLE 77: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: BNT221

TABLE 78: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: NT-125

TABLE 79: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: NT-175

TABLE 80: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: NT-175

TABLE 81: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: LYL845

TABLE 82: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: LYL845

TABLE 83: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: BRL03

TABLE 84: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TSC-101

TABLE 85: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TSC-101

TABLE 86: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: AB-1015

TABLE 87: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: AB-1015

TABLE 88: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: TSC-204

TABLE 89: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TSC-204

TABLE 90: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: TSC-203

TABLE 91: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: 800 TCR

TABLE 92: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: 800 TCR

TABLE 93: CLINICAL TRIALS DESCRIPTION: 820 TCR

TABLE 94: GENERAL DESCRIPTION: 820 TCR

TABLE 95: IND-STAGE PRODUCTS

TABLE 96: PRECLINICAL-STAGE PRODUCTS

TABLE 97: DISCOVERY-STAGE PRODUCTS

TABLE 98: INACTIVE-STAGE PRODUCTS

TABLE 99: LIST OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS

TABLE 100: LIST OF PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS

LIST OF FIGURES 

FIGURE 1: TCR PROTEIN AND GENE STRUCTURE

FIGURE 2: GENE REARRANGEMENT AT THE TR LOCI

FIGURE 3: SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF THE PRE-SELECTION, NAIVE AND ANTIGEN-EXPERIENCED REPERTOIRES

FIGURE 4: SKEWING OF THE TCR REPERTOIRE IN HUMAN DISEASE

FIGURE 5: PROCESS OF TCR-ENGINEERED T-CELLS THERAPY

FIGURE 6: TCR SIGNALING

FIGURE 7: THREE TYPICAL PROCEDURES TO OBTAIN TCR SEQUENCE

FIGURE 8: PRODUCTS IN VARIOUS PHASES 

FIGURE 9: EVALUATION BY ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

FIGURE 10: EVALUATION BY STAGE AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

FIGURE 11: EVALUATION BY MOLECULE TYPE

FIGURE 12: EVALUATION BY STAGE AND MOLECULE TYPE

FIGURE 13: EVALUATION BY PRODUCT TYPE

FIGURE 14: EVALUATION BY STAGE AND PRODUCT TYPE

FIGURE 15: EVALUATION BY THERAPY AREA

FIGURE 16: EVALUATION BY STAGE AND THERAPY AREA

FIGURE 17: LATE-STAGE PRODUCTS (PRE-REGISTRATION)

FIGURE 18: LATE-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE III)

FIGURE 19: MID-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE II/III)

FIGURE 20: MID-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE II)

FIGURE 21: EARLY-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE I/II)

FIGURE 22: EARLY-STAGE PRODUCTS (PHASE I)

FIGURE 23: IND-STAGE PRODUCTS

FIGURE 24: PRECLINICAL-STAGE PRODUCTS

FIGURE 25: DISCOVERY-STAGE PRODUCTS

FIGURE 26: INACTIVE STAGE PRODUCTS

FAQ’s

FAQs

TCR therapy works by extracting T-cells from a patient, genetically engineering them to express specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) that can recognize cancer-associated antigens, and then reinfusing these modified T-cells back into the patient. These engineered T-cells then target and kill cancer cells displaying the specific antigen.

Common risks and side effects of TCR therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and potential off-target effects that might damage healthy tissues. These side effects necessitate careful monitoring and management during and after treatment.

While both TCR and CAR-T therapies involve genetically modifying T-cells, they differ in their target recognition mechanisms. CAR-T-cells recognize surface antigens on cancer cells through chimeric antigen receptors, whereas TCR therapy targets intracellular antigens presented by MHC molecules. This allows TCR therapy to target a broader range of cancer-associated proteins.

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